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发表于 2005-7-5 09:49:39 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式

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< class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=3><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">让我们从</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>Select</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">语句开始对</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>SQL</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">语法的学习。本专刊中所使用的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>SQL</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">语句均在</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>SQLServer</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">查询分析器中执行。对</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>SQL</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">语言的学习,关键是要边学习边实践,读者可以在</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>SQLServer</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">查询分析器中实际练习本专刊提供的语句。</SPAN></FONT></P>< class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt"><FONT size=3><SPAN lang=EN-US>Select</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">语句的功能为从数据库中检索行,并允许从一个或多个表中选择一个或多个行或列,该语句包含众多的子句,功能强大,使用灵活。</SPAN></FONT></P>< class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=3><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">下面先简要说明在</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>SQLServer</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">查询分析器中执行</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>SQL</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">语句的步骤:</SPAN></FONT></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=3><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">第一步:运行查询分析器,如图</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>3</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">所示:</SPAN></FONT></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN lang=EN-US><?xml:namespace prefix = v ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vml" /><v:shapetype id=_x0000_t75 stroked="f" filled="f" path="m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe" o:preferrelative="t" o:spt="75" coordsize="21600,21600"><v:stroke joinstyle="miter"></v:stroke><v:formulas><v:f eqn="if lineDrawn pixelLineWidth 0"></v:f><v:f eqn="sum @0 1 0"></v:f><v:f eqn="sum 0 0 @1"></v:f><v:f eqn="prod @2 1 2"></v:f><v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelWidth"></v:f><v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelHeight"></v:f><v:f eqn="sum @0 0 1"></v:f><v:f eqn="prod @6 1 2"></v:f><v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelWidth"></v:f><v:f eqn="sum @8 21600 0"></v:f><v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelHeight"></v:f><v:f eqn="sum @10 21600 0"></v:f></v:formulas><v:path o:connecttype="rect" gradientshapeok="t" o:extrusionok="f"></v:path><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-comfficeffice" /><o:lock aspectratio="t" v:ext="edit"></o:lock></v:shapetype></SPAN><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;"></SPAN></FONT>&nbsp;</P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">图</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>3</SPAN></FONT></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><FONT size=3><SPAN lang=EN-US></SPAN></FONT>&nbsp;</P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=3><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">第二步:执行选中待操作的数据库语句。如图</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>3</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">所示:选中</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>use ufdata_887_2004</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">后,点击绿色箭头(或直接按</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>F5</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">)执行,该语句中,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>use</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">为连接目标数据库的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>SQL</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">关键字,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>ufdata_887_2004</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">是要进行相应操作的目标数据库。</SPAN></FONT></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=3><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">第三步:执行相应的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>SQL</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">语句(如图</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>3</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">中的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>select * from accinformation</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">语句)。</SPAN></FONT></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT size=3>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></FONT></SPAN></P><P class=MsoHeading8 style="MARGIN: 12pt 0cm 3.2pt"><A name=_Toc105209361></A><A name=_Toc105209456></A><A name=_Toc105209586><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: _Toc105209456"><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: _Toc105209361"><SPAN class=MsoHyperlink><SPAN style="COLOR: black; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none"><U><STRONG><FONT size=3><FONT face=宋体>第一节<SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></FONT></FONT></STRONG></U></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><STRONG><FONT size=3><FONT face=宋体>简单的<SPAN lang=EN-US>SELECT查询</SPAN></FONT></FONT></STRONG></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><STRONG><FONT size=3>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></FONT></STRONG></SPAN></P><PRE style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt"><CODE><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">在</SPAN></CODE><CODE><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">SQLServer</SPAN></CODE><CODE><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">的查询分析器中执行如下两句</SPAN></CODE><CODE><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">SQL</SPAN></CODE><CODE><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">语句:</SPAN></CODE><CODE><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></CODE></PRE><PRE><CODE><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">USE </SPAN></B></CODE><CODE><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">Northwind<o:p></o:p></SPAN></CODE></PRE><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 40.05pt; mso-char-indent-count: 3.99; mso-char-indent-size: 10.0pt"><FONT face=新宋体><CODE><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">SELECT</SPAN></B></CODE><CODE><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;"> <SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;</SPAN>* </SPAN></CODE></FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"><FONT size=3>&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN></SPAN><FONT face=新宋体><CODE><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">FROM</SPAN></B></CODE><CODE><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;"> [Order Details]<o:p></o:p></SPAN></CODE></FONT></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">执行该语句返回</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>Order Details</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">表中包含所有列的记录。这两句</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>SQL</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">语句也可以合并为一条语句:</SPAN></FONT></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.1pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.55pt"><FONT size=3><B><SPAN lang=EN-US>SELECT</SPAN></B><SPAN lang=EN-US> * <B>FROM</B> Northwind..[Order Details]</SPAN></FONT></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt"><FONT size=3><SPAN lang=EN-US>Northwind..[Order Details]</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">表示</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> [Order Details] </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">表是</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>Northwind</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">数据库中的表,使用这种形式,就不用再提前连接数据库了(即不用使用</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>use</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">语句来连接数据库)。</SPAN></FONT></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">注意:由于上面语句中表名</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>Order Details</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">两个单词之间存在空格,所以使用中括号,如果表名中不存在空格,如表名为</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>Orderdetails</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">,则中括号可以省略。</SPAN></FONT></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1"><FONT size=3>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></SPAN></SPAN></P><P class=MsoHeading8 style="MARGIN: 12pt 0cm 3.2pt"><A name=_Toc105209362></A><A name=_Toc105209457></A><A name=_Toc105209587><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: _Toc105209457"><SPAN style="mso-bookmark: _Toc105209362"><STRONG><FONT size=3><FONT face=宋体><SPAN class=MsoHyperlink><SPAN style="COLOR: black; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none"><U>第二节<SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></U></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>Select语句中的常用子句及函数</SPAN></FONT></FONT></STRONG></SPAN></SPAN></A></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><STRONG><FONT size=3>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></FONT></STRONG></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=3><B><SPAN lang=EN-US>2.1<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>SQL</SPAN></B><B><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">中函数的使用</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></FONT></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt" align=left><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">在</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>SQL </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">中的函数可以执行一些储如对某一列进行汇总或将一个字符串中的字符转换为大写的操作。比较常用的函数有聚合函数、日期与时间函数、数学函数、转换函数和字符函数等,具体内容参见附录。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="DISPLAY: none; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-hide: all"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;"><FONT size=3>在这里以一个最常用的聚合函数为例。</FONT></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.1pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.55pt" align=left><FONT size=3><B><SPAN lang=EN-US>sum()</SPAN></B><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">就如同它的本意一样,返回某一列的所有数值的和。可以到查询分析器中执行如下语句(求数量的总和):</SPAN></FONT></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT size=3><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN><B>SELECT</B> <B><SPAN style="COLOR: #333333">sum</SPAN></B>(quantity) <B>FROM</B> Northwind..[Order Details]<SPAN style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt" align=left><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">注意:此处必须指定要合计的具体列而不能使用</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>*</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">,并且该列必须是数值型。</SPAN></FONT></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT size=3>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></FONT></SPAN></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=3><B><SPAN lang=EN-US>2.2<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>Select</SPAN></B><B><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">语句的常用子句</SPAN></B></FONT></P><PRE style="TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt; tab-stops: 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><CODE><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">Select</SPAN></CODE><CODE><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">中的常用子句包括:</SPAN></CODE><CODE><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">Where</SPAN></CODE><CODE><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">,</SPAN></CODE><CODE><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">Order By</SPAN></CODE><CODE><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">,</SPAN></CODE><CODE><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">Group by</SPAN></CODE><CODE><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">,</SPAN></CODE><CODE><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">Having</SPAN></CODE><CODE><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">,</SPAN></CODE><CODE><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">Join</SPAN></CODE><CODE><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">等。</SPAN></CODE><CODE><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">Join</SPAN></CODE><CODE><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">语句会在第三节重点讲解。本节主要讲解前四个子句的用法。</SPAN></CODE><CODE><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></CODE></PRE><PRE style="tab-stops: 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><CODE><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></SPAN></CODE></PRE><PRE style="tab-stops: 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">2.2.1<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN>Where子句</SPAN></B><CODE><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></CODE></PRE><PRE style="TEXT-INDENT: 20pt; tab-stops: 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">Where子句的作用是指定查询返回行的条件。如:返回Northwind数据库中Order Details表中的数量(quantity)字段值大于100的记录,SQL语句可写为:<o:p></o:p></SPAN></PRE><PRE style="TEXT-INDENT: 20.1pt; tab-stops: 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.05pt"><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">SELECT</SPAN></B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"> <B>*</B> <B>FROM</B> Northwind..[Order Details] Where quantity&gt;100<o:p></o:p></SPAN></PRE><PRE style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; tab-stops: 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt"><CODE><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></SPAN></CODE></PRE><PRE style="tab-stops: 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">2.2.2<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN>Order By子句<o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></PRE><PRE style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; tab-stops: 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt">Order By子句是用来指定在 SELECT 语句返回的列中所使用的排序次序。如:根据</SPAN><CODE><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">某一列排序(如</SPAN></CODE><CODE><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">OrderID</SPAN></CODE><CODE><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">列),</SPAN></CODE><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">SQL语句可写为</SPAN><CODE><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">:</SPAN></CODE><CODE><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></CODE></PRE><PRE style="TEXT-INDENT: 20.1pt; tab-stops: 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.05pt"><CODE><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">USE </SPAN></B></CODE><CODE><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">Northwind<o:p></o:p></SPAN></CODE></PRE><PRE style="TEXT-INDENT: 20.1pt; tab-stops: 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.05pt"><CODE><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">SELECT</SPAN></B></CODE><CODE><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;"> <SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;</SPAN>* </SPAN></CODE><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"><FONT face=黑体>&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN></SPAN><CODE><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;">FROM</SPAN></B></CODE><CODE><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;"> [Order Details]<B> ORDER BY </B><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;</SPAN>OrderID</SPAN></CODE><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></PRE><PRE style="tab-stops: 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></PRE><PRE style="tab-stops: 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">2.2.3<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN>Group By子句<o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></PRE><PRE style="TEXT-INDENT: 20.25pt; tab-stops: 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">Group By子句主要和函数连用(如sum函数),按指定列汇总。如:</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 黑体; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;">返回</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face=黑体>Northwind</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 黑体; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;">数据库中</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face=黑体>Order Details</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 黑体; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;">表中,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face=黑体>productID</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 黑体; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;">字段相同的数量之和,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">SQL语句可写为</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 黑体; mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;">:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></PRE><PRE style="TEXT-INDENT: 20.25pt; tab-stops: 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">SELECT ProductID, sum(</SPAN></B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">quantity<B>) FROM </B>Northwind..[Order Details]<B> Group By </B>ProductID<o:p></o:p></SPAN></PRE><PRE style="tab-stops: 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></PRE><PRE style="tab-stops: 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">2.2.4<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN>Having子句<o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></PRE><PRE style="TEXT-INDENT: 20.25pt; tab-stops: 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">Having子句一般要和GROUP BY 子句连用。如:上句中要再加一个条件,数量之和大于1000的返回记录,SQL语句可写为:<o:p></o:p></SPAN></PRE><PRE style="TEXT-INDENT: 20.25pt; tab-stops: 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">SELECT ProductID, sum(</SPAN></B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">quantity<B>) FROM </B>Northwind..[Order Details]<B> Group By </B>ProductID <B>Having sum</B>(quantity)&gt;1000<o:p></o:p></SPAN></PRE><PRE style="tab-stops: 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><CODE><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></SPAN></CODE></PRE><PRE style="tab-stops: 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">2.2.5<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN>Where子句和Having子句的区别<o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></PRE><PRE style="TEXT-INDENT: 20.25pt; tab-stops: 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">Where子句和Having子句的主要区别:和Group By连用时,Where后面的条件是先排除再进行Group By汇总;而Having是在Group By汇总后,再用后面的条件进行筛选。另外Having语句后的条件可以是聚合函数(如sum函数、Max函数),而where后不能接聚合函数。如下面的语句:<o:p></o:p></SPAN></PRE><PRE style="TEXT-INDENT: 20.25pt; tab-stops: 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">SELECT ProductID, sum(</SPAN></B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">quantity<B>) FROM </B>Northwind..[Order Details]<B> Group By </B>ProductID <B>Having sum</B>(quantity)&gt;1000<o:p></o:p></SPAN></PRE><PRE style="TEXT-INDENT: 20.25pt; tab-stops: 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">如果用<SPAN lang=EN-US>Where语句后加相同筛选条件则无法实现目标功能。<o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></PRE><PRE style="tab-stops: 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><CODE><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></SPAN></CODE></PRE><P class=MsoHeading8 style="MARGIN: 12pt 0cm 3.2pt"><A name=_Toc105209363></A><A name=_Toc105209458></A>&nbsp;</P>
发表于 2005-12-5 14:47:19 | 显示全部楼层
<>好久没有用SQL 了,感觉都有点生疏了 </P>
发表于 2006-12-13 08:32:51 | 显示全部楼层
感谢楼主的无私,希望继续!
发表于 2006-12-15 12:15:38 | 显示全部楼层
谢谢楼主,提供的资料!!!
发表于 2006-12-15 21:11:44 | 显示全部楼层
陌生啊,怎么办啊!我才到一家用友公司做技术!!!
发表于 2007-1-9 18:34:21 | 显示全部楼层
如果2006年向2007年结转 存货 模块的数据时,提示:库存系统结转收发记录主表数据时失败 我应该怎么办呀?救救我吧!
发表于 2007-1-20 00:02:56 | 显示全部楼层
谢谢楼主,希望继续!
发表于 2007-1-24 13:27:39 | 显示全部楼层
感觉和C++差不多,不过比C++简单多了
发表于 2007-1-31 14:27:04 | 显示全部楼层
感谢楼主的无私,希望继续!
发表于 2007-2-4 08:39:05 | 显示全部楼层
希望有更祥细更全面的资料!
发表于 2007-7-25 12:26:45 | 显示全部楼层
好东西,谢谢哈\\\\\
发表于 2007-7-30 15:59:10 | 显示全部楼层
很好啊`~~感谢~~~
发表于 2007-7-30 19:49:37 | 显示全部楼层
谢谢楼主。看此一贴胜读十年书
发表于 2007-9-6 14:16:12 | 显示全部楼层
真是谢谢老师的细心讲解
发表于 2007-9-30 13:15:34 | 显示全部楼层
感谢楼主的无私,希望继续!
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