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stonys · 发表于 2005-7-5 09:55:29

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class=MsoHeading8 style="MARGIN: 12pt 0cm 3.2pt"><A name=_Toc105209364></A><A name=_Toc105209459></A><A name=_Toc105209589>第四节  数据操作语句</A><

RE style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; tab-stops: 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt"><CODE>数据操作语句包括</CODE><CODE>INSERT</CODE><CODE>、</CODE><CODE> UPDATE </CODE><CODE>和</CODE><CODE>DELETE </CODE><CODE>等</CODE><CODE><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com

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RE style="tab-stops: 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><CODE> <o:p></o:p></CODE></PRE><PRE style="tab-stops: 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt">4.1  插入Insert Into子句使用方法<CODE><o:p></o:p></CODE></PRE><PRE style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; tab-stops: 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt">可以使用 <CODE>INSERT INTO </CODE>在当前表中创建新行。<o:p></o:p></PRE><PRE style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; tab-stops: 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt">在SQLServer查询分析器中执行如下语句：<o:p></o:p></PRE><PRE><CODE>INSERT INTO</CODE><CODE> pubs..titles<o:p></o:p></CODE></PRE><PRE><CODE>         (title_id, title, type, pub_id, price)<o:p></o:p></CODE></PRE><PRE style="tab-stops: 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><CODE>VALUES</CODE><CODE>   ('BU9876', 'Creating Web Pages', 'business', '1389', 29.99)<o:p></o:p></CODE></PRE><PRE style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; tab-stops: 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt"><CODE>Pubs..titles是插入操作的目标数据表，title_id、 title、 type、 pub_id、 price是目标数据表的列名字，Values关键字后面是要插入对应列的具体数据。<o:p></o:p></CODE></PRE><PRE style="tab-stops: 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><CODE> <o:p></o:p></CODE></PRE><PRE style="tab-stops: 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt">4.2  DELETE删除子句使用方法<CODE><o:p></o:p></CODE></PRE><PRE style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; tab-stops: 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt">DELETE从表中删除行。为了尽可能的减少误操作最好在执行delete语句之前，先执行对应的select语句，以确定Where后面条件的准确性。<o:p></o:p></PRE><PRE style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; tab-stops: 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt">在SQLServer查询分析器中执行如下语句（删除刚才插入的记录）：<CODE><o:p></o:p></CODE></PRE><PRE><CODE>select</CODE><CODE> * from pubs..titles  where title_id ='BU9876'<o:p></o:p></CODE></PRE><PRE style="tab-stops: 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><CODE>delete from</CODE><CODE> pubs..titles where title_id = 'BU9876'<o:p></o:p></CODE></PRE><PRE style="tab-stops: 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><CODE> <o:p></o:p></CODE></PRE><PRE style="tab-stops: 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt">4.3  <CODE>UpDate</CODE>子句使用方法<CODE><o:p></o:p></CODE></PRE><PRE style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; tab-stops: 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt">UPDATE子句是用于更改表中的现有数据。为了尽可能的减少误操作最好在执行UPDATE语句之前，先执行对应的select语句，以确定Where后面条件的准确性。<o:p></o:p></PRE><PRE style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; tab-stops: 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt">在SQLServer查询分析器中执行如下语句（更改刚才插入的记录，如果已经删除，请重新用Insert Into插入语句插入相应的数据）：<CODE><o:p></o:p></CODE></PRE><PRE><CODE>select</CODE><CODE> * from pubs..titles  where title_id ='BU9876'<o:p></o:p></CODE></PRE><PRE style="tab-stops: 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><CODE>UpDate</CODE><CODE> pubs..titles set price = 200 where title_id ='BU9876'<o:p></o:p></CODE></PRE><PRE style="tab-stops: 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><CODE> <o:p></o:p></CODE></PRE><PRE style="tab-stops: 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt">4.4  <CODE>Select Into</CODE>子句使用方法<CODE><o:p></o:p></CODE></PRE>SELECT … INTO <CODE>new_table  </CODE><CODE>From</CODE><CODE>…</CODE>子句创建新表并将查询的结果行插入新表中。在SQLServer查询分析器中执行如下语句：<PRE style="tab-stops: 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><CODE>Select</CODE><CODE> * <o:p></o:p></CODE></PRE><PRE style="tab-stops: 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><CODE>Into</CODE><CODE> pubs..new_table1<o:p></o:p></CODE></PRE><PRE style="tab-stops: 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><CODE>From</CODE><CODE> pubs..titles<o:p></o:p></CODE></PRE><PRE style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; tab-stops: 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt"><CODE>用语句Select * from pubs..new_table1可以查询出刚才新生成的表及其中刚刚插入的数据。<o:p></o:p></CODE></PRE><PRE style="tab-stops: 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><CODE>注意</CODE><CODE>：Select Into子句并不能将原来表的一些关系复制到新表中（如外键等），它只能插入相应的数据。所以要想既复制表关系又复制其中的数据，请使用SQLServer企业管理器中提供的导表功能。<o:p></o:p></CODE></PRE><PRE style="tab-stops: 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><CODE> <o:p></o:p></CODE></PRE><A name=_Toc105209365></A><A name=_Toc105209460></A><A name=_Toc105209590>第五节  Select子查询语句</A><PRE> <o:p></o:p></PRE>5.1  子查询使用方法子查询是一个 SELECT 查询，任何允许使用表达式的地方都可以使用子查询。在SQLServer查询分析器中执行如下语句（一个子查询用作 SELECT 语句中名为 MaxUnitPrice 的列表达式）：SELECT Ord.OrderID, Ord.OrderDate,       (SELECT MAX(OrdDet.UnitPrice)        FROM Northwind.dbo.[Order Details] AS OrdDet        WHERE Ord.OrderID = OrdDet.OrderID) AS MaxUnitPriceFROM Northwind.dbo.Orders AS Ord其中的As关键字用于指定别名。 <o:p></o:p>5.2  In子句的使用方法IN子句是确定给定的值是否与子查询或列表中的值相匹配。<PRE style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; tab-stops: 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt">下面的示例选择名称和州的列表，列表中列出所有居住在加利福尼亚、印地安纳或马里兰州的作者:<CODE><o:p></o:p></CODE></PRE><PRE><CODE>SELECT</CODE><CODE> au_lname, state<o:p></o:p></CODE></PRE><PRE><CODE>FROM</CODE><CODE> pubs..authors<o:p></o:p></CODE></PRE><PRE><CODE>WHERE</CODE><CODE> state IN ('CA', 'IN', 'MD')<o:p></o:p></CODE></PRE><PRE style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"><CODE>请参看“</CODE>3.2  左连接语句Left Outer Join”的例子（找出在father表中有，而在son表中没有对应的记录）： <o:p></o:p></PRE>Select * from father left join son on father.fid = son.fid where son.name is null<o:p></o:p><PRE style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; tab-stops: 24.75pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"> 对等的In子句是（注意这个语句并没有将两个表横向连接起来，同时也用了子查询语句）：<o:p></o:p></PRE><PRE style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; tab-stops: 24.75pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt">Select * from father where father.fid Not In (Select fid from son)<o:p></o:p></PRE><PRE style="tab-stops: 24.75pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><CODE> <o:p></o:p></CODE></PRE><PRE style="tab-stops: 24.75pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><CODE>本章小结</CODE><CODE>：<o:p></o:p></CODE></PRE><PRE style="tab-stops: 24.75pt 91.6pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><CODE>     本章主要讲解了SQL语句的常用语法。Select语句及其子句灵活的语法是学习的难点，在U8维护工作中， Join子句是最为常用的语法，必须重点学习。<o:p></o:p></CODE></PRE><CODE><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">    本专刊附录部分，详尽讲解了本章所涉及SQL语句一些较为高级灵活的用法，另外学习这些语法时，一定要结合SQLServer的联机帮助。</CODE>

virky · 发表于 2005-12-7 13:50:38

呵呵，学到了好多知识哦

taijiren · 发表于 2006-12-13 08:43:25

我也是，这要感谢楼主

xwencai · 发表于 2007-7-25 12:33:21

对我的工作有很大帮助，当然对我个人也是提高

pyjpengyou · 发表于 2007-7-29 22:01:28

学到了好多知识!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1

linfei · 发表于 2007-11-25 16:28:55

谢谢楼主的提供，让我又学到很多有用的东西

zhangbinhua2004 · 发表于 2007-11-30 16:35:01

谢谢楼主

topunion009 · 发表于 2008-4-19 11:26:18

谢谢楼主的提供，让我又学到很多有用的东西

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